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基本概念和基礎知(zhi)識 一、

常見的工程物(wu)理量 力、壓力、應力、應變、位移、速(su)度(du)(du)、加速(su)度(du)(du)、轉(zhuan)速(su)等 

（一） 力(li)(li)(li)：力(li)(li)(li)是(shi)物(wu)體間的相互作(zuo)用，是(shi)一個廣義的概念。物(wu)體承受(shou)的力(li)(li)(li)可(ke)以有加載力(li)(li)(li)， 也可(ke)以有動(dong)態力(li)(li)(li)，我們常測試(shi)(shi)的力(li)(li)(li)主要是(shi)動(dong)態力(li)(li)(li)，即(ji)給結(jie)構施加力(li)(li)(li)，激發結(jie)構的某些 特性，便(bian)于測試(shi)(shi)了解其結(jie)構特性，如模態試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)用的力(li)(li)(li)錘。 

（二） 應(ying)(ying)力應(ying)(ying)變(bian)：材(cai)料(liao)(liao)或構(gou)件在(zai)單位截面上(shang)所承受的垂直作(zuo)(zuo)用力稱為應(ying)(ying)力。在(zai)外力作(zuo)(zuo)用 下，單位長度(du)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的伸長量或縮短(duan)量，稱為應(ying)(ying)變(bian)量。在(zai)一定(ding)的應(ying)(ying)力范圍（彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)形變(bian)） 內，材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的應(ying)(ying)力與應(ying)(ying)變(bian)量成正比，它們(men)的比例常數稱為彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)模量或彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)系數。 

（三） 振動(dong)(dong)位(wei)移：位(wei)移就是質(zhi)(zhi)量塊(kuai)(kuai)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)的(de)總的(de)距(ju)離，也就是說(shuo)當質(zhi)(zhi)量塊(kuai)(kuai)振動(dong)(dong)時，位(wei)移就 是質(zhi)(zhi)量塊(kuai)(kuai)上、下運(yun)動(dong)(dong)有(you)多遠。位(wei)移的(de)單位(wei)可(ke)以(yi)用 ?m 表示。進一步可(ke)以(yi)從(cong)振動(dong)(dong)位(wei)移的(de) 時間波形推出振動(dong)(dong)的(de)速(su)度和加速(su)度值。 1 可(ke)以(yi)是靜態位(wei)移，可(ke)以(yi)是動(dong)(dong)態位(wei)移。通常我們測(ce)試的(de)都是動(dong)(dong)態位(wei)移量。有(you)角(jiao)位(wei)移、線位(wei)移 等(deng)。 

（四） 振動(dong)速(su)度(du)：質量(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)在(zai)振蕩過(guo)程中運動(dong)快慢的度(du)量(liang)(liang)。質量(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)在(zai)運動(dong)波(bo)形的上部和(he)下(xia) 部極限位置時，其(qi)速(su)度(du)為 0，這(zhe)是因(yin)為質量(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)在(zai)這(zhe)兩點處(chu)，在(zai)它改變運動(dong)方向之前， 必(bi)須停下(xia)來。質量(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)的振動(dong)速(su)度(du)在(zai)平衡位置處(chu)達到最大值，在(zai)此(ci)點處(chu)質量(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)已經加速(su) 到最大值，在(zai)此(ci)點以后(hou)質量(liang)(liang)塊(kuai)開始減速(su)運動(dong)。振動(dong)速(su)度(du)的單位是用 mm/s 來表(biao)示。 

（五） 振動(dong)加速(su)度：被定義(yi)為振動(dong)速(su)度的變化率，其單(dan)位是(shi)用有多少個(ge) m/s2 或 g 來表 示。由(you)下圖可見加速(su)度最大(da)值(zhi)處(chu)是(shi)速(su)度值(zhi)最小值(zhi)的地方，在這些點處(chu)質量(liang)塊由(you)減速(su)到 停止然后再開始加速(su)。 

（六） 轉(zhuan)速：旋轉(zhuan)機(ji)械的轉(zhuan)動(dong)速度 

（七）簡(jian)諧(xie)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)及振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)三(san)(san)要(yao)素(su) 振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)形式(shi)(shi)――往復運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong) 2 d＝Dsin（2πt/T＋Φ ） D――振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)幅(fu) T――振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)，完成(cheng)(cheng)一次(ci)全振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)所(suo)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian) f――單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)次(ci)數(shu)(shu)(shu),即(ji)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倒數(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)， f ＝ 1/T （Hz） (1) 頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv) f 又可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)角頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)來(lai)(lai)(lai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)，即(ji) ω ＝ 2π/T （rad/s） ω 和(he) f 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei) ω ＝ 2πf f ＝ ω/2π （rad/s） （Hz） (2) (3) 將(jiang)(jiang)式(shi)(shi)（1）（2）（3）代入式(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)得 、 、 d ＝ Dsin（ωt＋Φ ）＝Dsin（2πft＋Φ ） 可(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)正(zheng)(zheng)玄(xuan)或(huo)(huo)(huo)余(yu)玄(xuan)函數(shu)(shu)(shu)描述的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)簡(jian)諧(xie)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong) 3 振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)三(san)(san)要(yao)素(su)：振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)幅(fu) D、頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv) f 和(he)相位(wei)(wei)(wei)Φ （八） 、表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參數(shu)(shu)(shu)：位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)、速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du) 振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)： d = Dsin ? t D 振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)： v = D ? cos ? t =Vsin( ? t + V= D ? 振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)：a = -D ? 2sin ? t =Asin( ? t +π) A＝-D ? 2 （九(jiu)） 1、 ? ) 2 振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)三(san)(san)要(yao)素(su)在(zai)(zai)工程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義 振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)幅(fu) ○ 振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)幅(fu)～物(wu)體動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)態(tai)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幅(fu)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。 ★ 振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)幅(fu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)強度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)能量(liang)(liang)水平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)志(zhi)， 是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)評價機器(qi)(qi)運(yun)(yun)(yun)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)狀(zhuang)態(tai)優(you)劣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)指標(biao)。 即(ji)“有(you)沒(mei)有(you)問(wen)題(ti)看振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)幅(fu)” 。 ○ 峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、單(dan)(dan)(dan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)幅(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)（pp） 、 單(dan)(dan)(dan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) （p） 有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 、 （rms） 或(huo)(huo)(huo)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) （ap） 。 峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)整個(ge)(ge)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)歷程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，即(ji)正(zheng)(zheng)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng) 與(yu)(yu)負峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)差值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；單(dan)(dan)(dan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)(zheng)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)或(huo)(huo)(huo)負峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng) 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)即(ji)均(jun)方根(gen)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 ○ 振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)、振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du) 振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)幅(fu)分(fen)別用(yong)(yong)(yong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)、振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen) 動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)以(yi)描述、度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)量(liang)(liang)，三(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)相互(hu)之間(jian)(jian)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)微(wei)分(fen)或(huo)(huo)(huo)積分(fen)進行換(huan)算。在(zai)(zai)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)中， 除(chu)特(te)別注明外，習(xi)慣上： 4 ○ 振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)微(wei)米[μm]或(huo)(huo)(huo)毫米 [mm]； ○ 振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)（均(jun)方根(gen)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)） ，單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)毫米/秒(miao)(miao)[mm/s]； ○ 振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du) 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)單(dan)(dan)(dan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)米/秒(miao)(miao)平(ping)(ping)方 [m/s2]或(huo)(huo)(huo)重(zhong)(zhong)力加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du) [g]，1[g] = 9.81[m/s2]。 ○ 峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、單(dan)(dan)(dan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)三(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)量(liang)(liang)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi) 單(dan)(dan)(dan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)=峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)/2， 有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)=0.707 峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)（峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)=1.414 有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)） 平(ping)(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)=0.637 峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)， 平(ping)(ping)均(jun)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)較少。 △ 在(zai)(zai)低頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)范圍(wei)內(nei)(nei)(nei)，振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)強度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與(yu)(yu)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)正(zheng)(zheng)比(bi)(bi)； △ 在(zai)(zai)中頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)范圍(wei)內(nei)(nei)(nei)，振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)強度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與(yu)(yu)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)成(cheng)(cheng)正(zheng)(zheng)比(bi)(bi)； △ 在(zai)(zai)高頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)范圍(wei)內(nei)(nei)(nei)，振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)強度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與(yu)(yu)加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)成(cheng)(cheng)正(zheng)(zheng)比(bi)(bi)。 頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)低意(yi)味著(zhu)(zhu)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)體在(zai)(zai)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)內(nei)(nei)(nei)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)次(ci)數(shu)(shu)(shu)少、過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)長，速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 相對較小(xiao)，因(yin)此振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)能夠更清晰地(di)反(fan)映出振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)強度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)；而頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)高，意(yi)味著(zhu)(zhu)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong) 次(ci)數(shu)(shu)(shu)多(duo)、過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)短，速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)(shu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)及變化量(liang)(liang)大，因(yin)此振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)強度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與(yu)(yu)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du) 成(cheng)(cheng)正(zheng)(zheng)比(bi)(bi)。 △ 振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)反(fan)映了(le)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)距離（間(jian)(jian)隙）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)，振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)反(fan)映了(le)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)，振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong) 加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)反(fan)映了(le)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)沖擊力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小(xiao)。 在(zai)(zai)實際(ji)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)中： △ 大型旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)機械的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)裝在(zai)(zai)軸承座上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)渦(wo)流(liu)式(shi)(shi)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)來(lai)(lai)(lai)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子（軸）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)， 用(yong)(yong)(yong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)位(wei)(wei)(wei)移(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)[μm]表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)； △ 一般轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)、 如今主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)殼體上靠(kao)近軸承處來(lai)(lai)(lai) 測(ce)量(liang)(liang)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)[mm/s]表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)； △ 齒輪的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)殼體上測(ce)量(liang)(liang)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)加(jia)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)[m/s2]或(huo)(huo)(huo)[g]表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)， 或(huo)(huo)(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)[mm/s]表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)。 2、頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv) ○ 頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv) f ～物(wu)體每秒(miao)(miao)鐘(zhong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)循環的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)次(ci)數(shu)(shu)(shu)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)赫茲 [Hz]。 ★ 頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)特(te)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)志(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)析振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)原因(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)依(yi)據。 即(ji)“有(you)沒(mei)有(you)問(wen)題(ti)看振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)幅(fu)，什么問(wen)題(ti)看頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)” 。 ○ 周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期(qi) T 是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)體完成(cheng)(cheng)一個(ge)(ge)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)所(suo)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)秒(miao)(miao) [s] 。例如一個(ge)(ge)單(dan)(dan)(dan)擺(bai)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)重(zhong)(zhong)錘從(cong)左運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)到右(you)，再從(cong)右(you)運(yun)(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)回左邊起點所(suo)需(xu)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)。 頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)與(yu)(yu)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)互(hu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)倒數(shu)(shu)(shu)，f＝1/T。 對旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)機械來(lai)(lai)(lai)說，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子每旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)一周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)完成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)一個(ge)(ge)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一個(ge)(ge)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)，或(huo)(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)說振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong) 循環變化了(le)一次(ci)。因(yin)此轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su) n、角速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du) ω 都可(ke)(ke)以(yi)看作頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)、圓頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin) 率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，或(huo)(huo)(huo) n、ω、f 不分(fen)，都直接(jie)簡(jian)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)，它們之間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)換(huan)算關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：f = n/60，ω＝2πf＝ 5 2πn/60≈0.1n，其中轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su) n 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)/分(fen)鐘(zhong)[r/min]，角速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du) ω 的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)弧(hu)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)/秒(miao)(miao)[rad/s]。 ○ 倍(bei)(bei)(bei)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、一倍(bei)(bei)(bei)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、二(er)(er)倍(bei)(bei)(bei)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、0.5 倍(bei)(bei)(bei)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、工頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、基(ji)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin) 許多(duo)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)往往與(yu)(yu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)相關(guan)(guan)，因(yin)此振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倍(bei)(bei)(bei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)來(lai)(lai)(lai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)。 倍(bei)(bei)(bei)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)倍(bei)(bei)(bei)數(shu)(shu)(shu)來(lai)(lai)(lai)表(biao)(biao)(biao)示(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)。 如果振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)機器(qi)(qi)實際(ji)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一倍(bei)(bei)(bei)、二(er)(er)倍(bei)(bei)(bei)、三(san)(san)倍(bei)(bei)(bei)、0.5 倍(bei)(bei)(bei)、0.43 倍(bei)(bei)(bei)、?時(shi)(shi)，則 稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一倍(bei)(bei)(bei)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin) （習(xi)慣上又稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei) 1X， 1× 、 或(huo)(huo)(huo) ） 二(er)(er)倍(bei)(bei)(bei)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin) （2X、 ） 三(san)(san)倍(bei)(bei)(bei)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin) 2× 、 （3X、 ） 0.5 倍(bei)(bei)(bei)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin) 3× 、 （0.5X、 0.5× 、0.43 倍(bei)(bei)(bei)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)（0.43X、0.43× 、?等(deng)。其中，一倍(bei)(bei)(bei)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，即(ji)實際(ji)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)又稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)工頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、 ） ） 轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)、基(ji)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，0.5 倍(bei)(bei)(bei)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)又稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)半頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。 例如，某機器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su) n 為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei) 6000 r/min，那么，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)＝n/60＝6000/60＝100Hz，其工頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei) 100Hz，二(er)(er)倍(bei)(bei)(bei)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei) 200Hz，半頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei) 50Hz。 3、相位(wei)(wei)(wei) ○ 相位(wei)(wei)(wei)～給定時(shi)(shi)刻振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)體被測(ce)點相對于(yu)固定參考點的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角位(wei)(wei)(wei)置(zhi)，單(dan)(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)〔° 〕進一步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理解 后續再介紹。 （十） 波形與(yu)(yu)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)譜(pu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi) FFT 變換(huan)原理 6 FFT 變換(huan)示(shi)(shi)意(yi)圖(tu) 二(er)(er) 振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi) 如何檢測(ce)到振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)信(xin)號呢？測(ce)試系(xi)(xi)統采集的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)電壓信(xin)號，如何將(jiang)(jiang)物(wu)理量(liang)(liang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)電量(liang)(liang)呢？ 這(zhe)就(jiu)需(xu)要(yao)各種(zhong)類(lei)型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)。 

1、 傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)作用：傳(chuan)感器(qi)(qi)就是(shi)將被測物量的(de)變化轉換(huan)成(cheng)電(dian)信(xin)號(hao)的(de)轉換(huan)器(qi)(qi)。 

2、 傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)分類(lei)：傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)根據(ju)被測物量的不同分為：溫度(du)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、壓力(li)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、力(li) 傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、應變(bian)計、振動傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（位移傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、速度(du)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、加速度(du)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)） 、轉速傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)以及 噪聲(sheng)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)；

 3、 傳感(gan)器(qi)常(chang)用技術指標： 最常(chang)用的(de)指標：靈敏(min)度(du)：傳感(gan)器(qi)將物理量(liang)(liang)轉(zhuan)換成電量(liang)(liang)后，我(wo)們測到的(de)是(shi)(shi)電壓(ya)，如 何知道真(zhen)實物理量(liang)(liang)變(bian)化了多(duo)少呢(ni)？這(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)傳感(gan)器(qi)的(de)靈敏(min)度(du)指標要告訴我(wo)們的(de)。靈敏(min) 度(du)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)物理量(liang)(liang)變(bian)化產生(sheng)的(de)電量(liang)(liang)大小。 如位(wei)(wei)移傳感(gan)器(qi)靈敏(min)度(du)指標： 7.87mv/um。 單(dan) 位(wei)(wei)：V/EU

 4、 電渦(wo)流(liu)式位移傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi) 外形圖 7 用(yong)于測(ce)量軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。 靈(ling)(ling)敏度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)：200mv/mil＝7.87mv/μ m≈8 mv 5、 電動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)式速(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi) 用(yong)于測(ce)量軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)座的(de)(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。 靈(ling)(ling)敏度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)：500mv/in/s ＝ 19.6mv/mm/s 8 6、 壓電式加速(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi) 靈(ling)(ling)敏度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)： 25mv/g Bently 公司標準(zhun)型 三(san)、 振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)標準(zhun) △ 振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)評價(jia) 評價(jia)設備運(yun)行狀(zhuang)態(tai)是(shi)否正常、有(you)(you)無發(fa)生故障，除查看(kan)轉速(su)、流(liu)量、壓力、溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、電流(liu)等 運(yun)行參數外，主要是(shi)看(kan)設備的(de)(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)狀(zhuang)況(kuang)，看(kan)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)幅(fu)值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小(xiao)。 ○ 振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)烈(lie)(lie)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du) 振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)烈(lie)(lie)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)標準(zhun)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)通用(yong)術(shu)語，是(shi)描(miao)述一臺(tai)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)能量狀(zhuang)態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特征量。在(zai)國(guo)內外 振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)標準(zhun)中，幾乎都規(gui)定振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)烈(lie)(lie)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)量值(zhi)為振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效值(zhi)。因此，可以(yi)認為振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)烈(lie)(lie)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du) 就(jiu)是(shi)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效值(zhi)。 由于只有(you)(you)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)烈(lie)(lie)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)才有(you)(you)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)標準(zhun)可以(yi)參照（大(da)機(ji)(ji)組不完全如此） ，評價(jia)機(ji)(ji)器(qi)運(yun)轉狀(zhuang)態(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優 劣時才能做到有(you)(you)據可依。所以(yi)在(zai)對一般旋轉機(ji)(ji)械進行振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)檢(jian)測(ce)時，應測(ce)量振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)速(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效值(zhi) （而不是(shi)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)位移） ，并要求在(zai)靠近軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)位置處的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)平、垂直、軸(zhou)(zhou)向三(san)個方向上都進行測(ce)量， 最后取最大(da)值(zhi)作為振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)烈(lie)(lie)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。 烈(lie)(lie)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)標準(zhun) 9 10 11